Il prediabete riguarda 4,5 milioni di persone in Italia.
A evidenziarlo è la SID – Società Italiana di Diabetologia, ricordando che è una condizione che dipende in larga parte dallo stile di vita delle persone.
Uno dei fattori di rischio per il prediabete – e poi per il diabete tipo 2 – è l’obesità: in Italia le persone sovrappeso o obese sono oltre 25 milioni.
Le persone che vivono in città sarebbero più a rischio di ricevere una diagnosi di diabete: l’eccessiva urbanizzazione, l’inquinamento, gli stili di vita errati aumentano il rischio di sviluppare la malattia.
L’International Diabetes Federation e l’OMS individuano proprio nella città il polo in cui concentrarsi per arrestare la crescita di incidenza del diabete. Chi vive in città infatti generalmente diminuisce l’attività fisica e questo aumenta le possibilità di ammalarsi.
Se nel 2025 il 65% delle persone con diabete vivrà in città, nel 2040 saranno il 75%.
L’esposizione prolungata allo smog, associata al sovrappeso, è responsabile del 15% di casi di diabete tipo 2 nel mondo.
Il prediabete è una condizione di rischio di sviluppare il diabete tipo 2.
È identificabile con un’alterazione della glicemia a digiuno e riguarda, come abbiamo detto, circa 4,5 milioni di persone in Italia.
Nell’11% delle persone in prediabete non trattate, la malattia insorge nell’arco di tre anni; nel 25% dei casi di prediabete invece si arriva a una diagnosi di diabete tipo 2 entro i cinque anni.
Mancano però ancora linee guida definitive per la gestione di questa condizione non ancora patologica.
Quello che si sa è che però anche in caso di prediabete il rischio di contrarre altre patologie è più alto, fra cui:
Non tutte le persone con prediabete svilupperanno la patologia ma è importante concentrare tutti gli sforzi per ritardare l’esordio il più possibile.
Dallo stato di prediabete si può regredire con un cambio di stile di vita:
La prevenzione rimane lo strumento più importante e una buona abitudine, soprattutto dopo i 45 anni, sarebbe effettuare una glicemia a digiuno all’anno .
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