Tra le complicanze più diffuse del diabete ci sono le ulcere del piede, la cui diffusione, secondo il Documento di Consenso Internazionale sul Piede Diabetico, varia fra il 4% e il 10% della popolazione con diabete.
Le ulcere, nella misura di 4 su 5, sono provocate da traumi esterni che possono però essere prevenuti attraverso semplici accorgimenti.
Basta prendersi cura in modo adeguato di questa parte del corpo così sensibile.
1 – Esamina i piedi attentamente per rilevare cambiamenti nel loro aspetto (callosità, ferite, spaccature, vesciche, arrossamenti), che necessitano di un’indagine medica approfondita;
2 – Scegli scarpe comode e confortevoli che siano dotate di suola morbida ed elastica e che non presentino cuciture che potrebbero arrecare danni al piede;
3 – Indossa calze che garantiscano la corretta circolazione, cambiandole ogni giorno;
4 – Prima di calzare un paio di scarpe, verifica che non siano presenti corpi estranei che potrebbero ferirti;
5 – Fai una visita completa dal podologo almeno una volta all’anno al fine di prevenire lo sviluppo delle complicanze degli arti inferiori (ulcere e piede diabetico);
6 – Lava quotidianamente i piedi con acqua tiepida e un prodotto specifico (fatti consigliare dal tuo podologo e/o dal tuo farmacista di fiducia) e asciugali con cura;
7 – Se la pelle si presenta secca e disidratata, applica più volte al giorno prodotti specifici, che non siano grassi e oleosi (anche in questo caso il tuo farmacista di fiducia saprà consigliarti la soluzione più adeguata alla tua situazione);
8 – Lima le unghie con regolarità e delicatamente sempre nella stessa direzione ma senza utilizzare tagliaunghie né altri strumenti taglienti;
9 – Evita di camminare a piedi nudi, soprattutto nei luoghi pubblici (piscine, docce, spogliatoi, saune) dove si possono contrarre facilmente infezioni. Qualora frequentassi questo tipo di luoghi, utilizza prodotti specifici per i piedi che contengano componenti antifungine;
10 – Non utilizzare borse dell’acqua calda e non appoggiare i piedi a fonti di calore: rischieresti di scottarti senza accorgertene.
Questi sono consigli generali che, però, vanno personalizzati dal medico curante e/o dagli specialisti del team diabetologico (podologo e infermieri in primis) e adattati alle singole necessità del paziente.
Bastano piccoli accorgimenti quotidiani per vivere bene e per prevenire le complicanze del diabete: se vuoi approfondire altre tematiche su come gestire al meglio la patologia, visita la sezione “Vivere con il diabete”.
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