Nella gestione del diabete, così come di tutte le malattie croniche, è fondamentale seguire uno stile di vita adeguato ed integrare al meglio la terapia con le proprie esigenze quotidiane. In questo modo la persona con diabete può mantenere la glicemia in range e prevenire l’insorgere di complicanze.
Il cambiamento delle abitudini è però un gesto radicale che richiede un grande impegno e che può essere molto difficile da compiere. Per questo è estremamente importante che i medici specialisti non si limitino ad effettuare la diagnosi della patologia e a indicare la terapia, ma compiano con il paziente un vero e proprio percorso di educazione terapeutica.
L’educazione terapeutica ha ottenuto il riconoscimento ufficiale nel 1980 da parte dell’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità, che l’ha descritta con queste parole:
«L’educazione terapeutica consiste nell’aiutare il paziente e la sua famiglia a comprendere la malattia e il trattamento, a collaborare alle cure, a farsi carico del proprio stato di salute e a conservare e migliorare la propria qualità di vita».
L’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità considera l’educazione terapeutica nel diabete come il metodo migliore che, unito al trattamento prescritto dal medico, consente al paziente di acquisire le capacità per convivere in modo ottimale con la patologia.
Il diabete richiede infatti la compartecipazione attiva del paziente, l’attuazione da parte sua di nuovi comportamenti, l’adesione ad uno specifico stile di vita e un’assistenza sanitaria con continui interventi educativi per tenere sotto controllo la malattia e le complicanze correlate.
Educare il paziente significa fornirgli gli strumenti necessari per fargli accogliere nella sua vita il diabete, in modo graduale e con tranquillità, e per renderlo un individuo in grado di gestire autonomamente i diversi aspetti della malattia e prendere consapevolmente le decisioni più appropriate per il mantenimento del proprio benessere e della propria salute.
L’educazione terapeutica rende quindi lo specialista un punto di riferimento concreto per il paziente che, grazie alle sue istruzioni, imparerà a conoscere le tecniche di autocontrollo della glicemia e la nuova condotta di salute da seguire, e acquisirà anche l’autostima e l’indipendenza necessari per compiere il cambiamento.
Per mettere in atto un percorso educativo veramente efficace lo specialista deve conoscere benissimo tutti gli aspetti della malattia e delle sue complicanze ed essere capace di coinvolgere attivamente il paziente in un programma ideato ad hoc, in base alle sue necessità, alle abitudini di vita e all’ambiente familiare.
Vivere in salute e come gli altri è possibile anche con il diabete: affidati ad un centro diabetologico che ti insegni come gestirlo al meglio.
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