Durante l’ultimo congresso EASD (European Association for the Study of Diabetes), che si è chiuso a fine settembre 2024, si è discusso anche del preuccupante aumento del diabete tipo 2 in pediatria.
Generalmente siamo abituati ad associare all’infanzia il diabete tipo 1, ma qualcosa sta cambiando. L’aumento dell’obesità, anche infantile, ha portato ad un aumento del diabete di tipo 2.
A conferma di questo, arriva uno studio osservazionale su scala globale in pubblicazione sulla rivista “Diabetologia” dell’EASD e guidato dall’Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche e dall’Università Politecnica delle marche, con la partecipazione di ricercatori di istituzioni internazionali come il Royal London Children’s Hospital, Stanford University, Università di Ulm in Germania, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center e Seoul National University.
La ricerca ha analizzato i dati del registro mondiale SWEET, che raccoglie informazioni cliniche e demografiche su giovani under 25 con diagnosi di diabete provenienti da 160 centri di tutto il mondo. Ha visto il coinvolgimento di 97 mila bambini e ragazzi.
I risultati mostrano un aumento costante dei casi di diabete fra gli under 21, con un incremento proporzionale del 9% ogni due anni. L’età media della diagnosi è 13 anni, ma l’8% dei nuovi casi riceve una diagnosi sotto i 10 anni.
Valentino Cherubini, presidente SIEDP e direttore della Diabetologia pediatrica degli Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, dichiara: «Questo studio dimostra come anche tra i giovanissimi stia crescendo l’incidenza del diabete di tipo 2, una malattia metabolica che fino a poco tempo fa era tipica dell’età adulta. Negli ultimi 10 anni, la frequenza di nuove diagnosi negli under 21 è aumentata del 9% ogni due anni. La percentuale di diabete di tipo 2 è passata dal 3,2% nel 2012/2013 al 6,0% nel 2020/2021, con un picco tra gli adolescenti di 13-15 anni. Inoltre, l’8% dei nuovi casi è stato rilevato nei bambini con meno di 10 anni». Il dottor Cherubini evidenzia come il 75% dei bambini seguiti in centri europei, americani, australiani e neozelandesi presentava valori di BMI superiori al 97° percentile al momento della diagnosi di diabete, indicando una condizione di obesità. «Stiamo affrontando un’epidemia di diabete tipo 2 fra i giovanissimi che richiede nuove misure preventive» sottolinea Cherubini. «Ad oggi, le linee guida dell’ISPAD raccomandano uno screening mirato dopo l’inizio della pubertà o dopo i 10 anni di età nei giovani con un BMI uguale o superiore all’85° percentile, ma i nostri risultati dimostrano che è necessario intervenire prima, per prevenire e trattare l’eccesso di peso prima della pubertà».
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