Mantenere la glicemia in range nelle persone con diabete tipo 2 riduce il rischio di sviluppare demenza.
Questi sono i risultati di una ricerca condotta in un periodo di 8 anni a Hong Kong e pubblicata su Jama Network Open.
La ricerca ha coinvolto 55.618 partecipanti e ha evidenziato come il controllo glicemico abbia un effetto protettivo nei confronti del rischio di demenza nelle persone con diabete tipo 2. Alcuni dei partecipanti erano iscritti a RAMP-DM (The Risk Assessment and Management Programme-Diabetes Mellitus).
I partecipanti hanno visto una riduzione considerevole dei rischi:
I partecipanti con valori di Emoglobina glicata più elevati presentavano un rischio aumentato di demenza, che variava dal 17 al 54%. Questi dati evidenziano come il livello di glucosio nel sangue sia un fattore critico per l’ottenimento di buoni livelli di salute.
Questo studio evidenzia in maniera chiara anche l’efficacia dei programmi multidisciplinari di gestione del diabete nel mitigare il rischio e la velocità di insorgenza del declino cognitivo.
“La SID (Società italiana di di diabetologia) considera questi risultati come un passo fondamentale nella lotta contro lo sviluppo precoce di malattie neurodegenerative, tra la popolazione diabetica”, dice Angelo Avogaro, presidente della SID.
La connessione tra la gestione del diabete e la salute cognitiva è strettissima. il Dottor Avogadro dichiara: “Dando priorità e migliorando l’assistenza del diabete, possiamo compiere passi significativi nel ridurre l’onere della demenza, migliorando la qualità della vita per milioni di persone in tutto il mondo”.
L’iperglicemia prolungata può influenzare lo sviluppo della demenza attraverso diversi meccanismi fisiopatologici che coinvolgono diverse vie metaboliche, infiammatorie e vascolari. I meccanismi includono la formazione di prodotti finali di glicazione avanzata (AGEs) che possono alterare la funzione delle proteine e promuovere lo stress ossidativo e l’infiammazione, contribuendo alla patogenesi della demenza.
L’iperglicemia cronica aumenta lo stress ossidativo. ciò può portare allìaterosclerosi accelerata e aumentare il rischio di demenza vascolare.
L’insulinoresistenza inoltre è spesso associata al diabete tipo 2 e influisce non solo sul metabolismo del glucosio, ma può anche avere effetti diretti sul cervello.
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