Le donne che in gravidanza hanno vissuto un’esperienza di diabete gestazionale hanno elevate probabilità di sviluppare il diabete di tipo 2. Questo avviene generalmente entro cinque anni dalla nascita del figlio.
Lo conferma uno studio francese, che ha preso a campione 1000 donne al primo figlio, seguendole per i due anni al parto. Le neo-madri sono state divise in tre gruppi:
Le madri che allattavano naturalmente hanno maturato sette volte di meno la possibilità di sviluppare il diabete di tipo 2. Analizzando fino a quando le madri hanno allattato i figli al seno e il percorso clinico delle stesse, lo studio ha rilevato che il rischio di sviluppare la patologia diminuisce quando aumenta la durata del periodo in cui si è allattato.
Un secondo studio, pubblicato su Annals of Internal Medicine e coordinato da Erica Gunderson dell’organizzazione no profit Kaiser Permanente di Oakland in California, conferma l’effetto protettivo dell’allattamento sul futuro rischio di diabete. La ricercatrice, nel sottolineare che l’American Diabetes Association raccomanda già da tempo alle gestanti con diabete di allattare al seno i loro bambini, puntualizza:
Alla luce di questi risultati, l’allattamento al seno potrebbe diventare il fulcro della prevenzione del diabete di tipo 2 nel post-partum.
L’indagine ha coinvolto più di mille donne con diabete gestazionale, tra il 2008 e il 2011, delle quali circa tre quarti ispaniche, asiatiche o afro-americane, allo scopo di valutare l’influenza delle varianti etniche sullo sviluppo post partum del diabete di tipo 2.
Tutte le partecipanti sono state sottoposte a test di tolleranza orale al glucosio, 6-9 settimane dopo il parto e ogni anno per due anni.
Durante i controlli effettuati periodicamente e a fine percorso, è risultato che circa il 12% delle donne ha sviluppato diabete di tipo 2. A quel punto, i ricercatori hanno analizzato la relazione tra il rischio di comparsa della malattia e le modalità di allattamento, normalizzando i dati per potenziali fattori confondenti: età, etnia, grado di istruzione, indice di massa corporea pregravidico, risultati del test di tolleranza orale al glucosio e strategia di trattamento del diabete gestazionale.
Gunderson e colleghi hanno infine concluso:
L’allattamento al seno può avere effetti biologici sul metabolismo cellulare aiutando la madre a ripristinare il fisiologico stato pregravidico alterato dal diabete mellito gestazionale. Il latte materno può essere benefico non solo per il bambino ma anche per la madre con diabete mellito gestazionale, in termini di prevenzione del futuro rischio di diabete.
L’allattamento è quindi vivamente raccomandato. Questo vale a maggior ragione per le gravidanze che sviluppano diabete gestazionale in quanto diminuisce il rischio di sviluppare il diabete di tipo 2.
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