Le ulcere diabetiche – una delle complicanze più frequenti del diabete – sono lesioni che compaiono negli arti inferiori, provocate da neuropatia o arteriopatia, e che vanno incontro a un processo di guarigione molto difficile ma non certo impossibile.
La ricerca, infatti, ha messo a punto trattamenti innovativi ed efficaci.
La prima regola per accelerare la guarigione delle ulcere è quella di sottoporsi a controlli periodici: una volta al giorno, se è in atto un’infezione – si presume che il paziente sia ospedalizzato e sotto monitoraggio medico continuo -, due volte a settimana in ambulatorio per quelle non infette, con minore frequenza per quelle in via di riparazione.
Ecco qualche accorgimento utile da seguire ogni giorno per favorire la cicatrizzazione e per prevenire l’ulteriore aggravamento delle ulcere sotto controllo medico ma non ancora trattate:
• Non camminare senza un sostegno adeguato ( gambaletto/tutori di scarico/ apparecchio deambulatorio di gesso o di fibra di vetro) che scarichi completamente il piede permettendo una relativa mobilità, perché rischieresti di aumentare la degenerazione dei tessuti, aggravare le ulcere e facilitare eventuali infezioni alle ossa;
• In caso di vene varicose, instabilità della postura, ulcera o amputazione precedente dell’altro arto, l’uso dell’apparecchio di scarico è sconsigliato ma può essere utilizzata una scarpa preformata con un plantare creato ad hoc e scavato in corrispondenza dell’area con la lesione.
• Mantieni un buon controllo metabolico e segui una dieta equilibrata, fattori che contribuiscono ad arginare le varie complicanze del diabete;
• Non fumare: la nicotina rende molto più difficile la cicatrizzazione delle ferite;
Ricordati, inoltre, sia come misura preventiva che come azione importante per la guarigione della ferita, di ispezionare di frequente il piede per vagliare la presenza di nuove lesioni, calli, unghie incarnite, funghi e intervenire tempestivamente, con una visita podologica.
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