In occasione della Giornata mondiale del cervello che si celebra il 22 luglio, facciamo il punto sulle relazioni fra il diabete e la salute del cervello, in particolar modo fra diabete e demenza.
La scienza non ha ancora determinato in maniera esatta come e perché il diabete e il declino cognitivo siano correlati ma è chiaro che l’iperglicemia e l’insulina possano danneggiare il cervello.
L’Alzheimer’s Association afferma che chi è affetto da diabete tipo 1 sarebbe più a rischio di sviluppare demenza, perché esisterebbe una correlazione molto stretta fra i livelli di glicemia nel sangue e il morbo di Alzheimer.
L’Associazione cita uno studio secondo il quale le persone con diabete tipo 1 avrebbero il 93% di rischio in più di sviluppare demenza.
Il diabete tipo 2 invece aumenta il rischio di malattie cardiache, di ictus e di demenza: l’insulino-resistenza infatti diminuisce la capacità delle cellule cerebrali di utilizzare correttamente il glucosio.
Come sappiamo, l’iperglicemia danneggia vasi sanguigni e cuore, infatti nelle persone con diabete il rischio di sviluppare patologie a carico del cuore e ictus è molto alto. Se a danneggiarsi sono i vasi sanguigni del cervello, questo può portare a sviluppare demenza.
L’iperglicemia poi causa infiammazione, che può danneggiare le cellule cerebrali e portare a demenza.
Come abbiamo visto quindi il diabete può contribuire a causare una demenza detta “vascolare”, dovuta ai danni cerebrali causati da un ridotto flusso sanguigno al cervello.
La funzionalità del cervello inoltre è garantita da un complessissimo sistema biochimico che può essere alterato anche da alte quantità di insulina, portando a un declino cognitivo.
L’ipoglicemia invece danneggia l’ippocampo, l’area in cui il cervello gestisce la memoria, causando quindi perdita di memoria e demenza.
I fattori di rischio di diabete e demenza sono gli stessi:
Per mantenersi in salute, è importante attenersi a uno stile di vita che possa garantire di raggiungere il miglior stato di salute cardiovascolare, riducendo i rischi di contrarre complicanze. Questo vuole dire mantenere la glicemia in range, fare attività fisica, mangiare in maniera sana, naturale ed equilibrata -eliminando i cibi processati dalla tavola-, smettere di fumare.
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