Un gruppo di adulti con prediabete o diabete di tipo 2 hanno partecipato a un programma intensivo migliorando la propria sensibilità insulinica e alcuni hanno raggiunto la remissione della malattia. Il programma includeva una dieta personalizzata ed esercizio fisico ed è durato 3 mesi. Questi sono i risultati di uno studio presentati al congresso 2022 dell’American society for Preventive Cardiology Congress on CVD Prevention.
Il diabete di tipo 2 e il prediabete sono infatti considerate patologie legate allo stile di vita, associate ad altri tassi di morbilità, mortalità e spesa sanitaria.
Josep Iglesias-Grau, ricercatore in cardiologia preventiva presso il Montreal Heart Institute, durante il congresso ha affermato: “Diversi interventi sullo stile di vita possono tenere sotto controllo e persino invertire alcune malattie cardiometaboliche. Purtroppo queste strategie di rado vengono implementate in modo efficace come scelte di prima linea».”
I ricercatori hanno proposto ai pazienti con prediabete o diabete di tipo 2 di aderire a un programma multidisciplinare della durata di 6 o 12 mesi. Il programma ha aiutato le persone a conoscere e a mettere in pratica abitudini sane in modo progressivo.
Durante il follow-up, i pazienti hanno ricevuto:
Lo studio prospettico e non randomizzato ha analizzato i dati di 265 adulti con prediabete e diabete di tipo 2, reclutati fra il 2019 e il 2020, con un’età media di 68 anni. Fra questi, il 48% aveva una patologia coronarica e il 54% assumeva terapie ipoglicemizzanti. Le persone arruolate hanno completato sei visite nutrizionali e tre coaching sull’esercizio fisico.
Hanno anche fornito campioni di sangue e dati antropometrici. Le terapie ipoglicemizzanti sono state modificate solo quando necessario.
Durante l’intervento sullo stile di vita sono migliorate tutte le misure di salute metabolica:
I miglioramenti sono stati conseguiti in 3 mesi e si sono mantenuti per il resto del programma, senza variazioni significative.
Questi sono i risultati all’interno delle coorti
«È stato dimostrato che dare priorità ai cambiamenti dello stile di vita migliora le misure antropometriche e la sensibilità all’insulina, fino al punto di raggiungere la remissione del prediabete o del diabete di tipo 2» ha osservato Iglesies-Grau. «Sono necessarie ulteriori ricerche per stabilire quali sono gli interventi non farmacologici più efficaci negli adulti con profili metabolici e trattamenti variabili, quanto dovrebbero durare e in che modo la normalizzazione parziale o completa della glicemia influisce sui risultati a lungo termine».
Iglesias-Grau J. Early Career Research Rapid Fire Presentations. Presented at: American Society for Preventive Cardiology Congress on CVD Prevention; July 29-31, 2022; Louisville, Kentucky.
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